What diseases can be detected through CSF examination?

CSF examination refers to the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Under normal circumstances, cerebrospinal fluid examination can detect diseases such as bacterial meningitis, multiple sclerosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, central nervous system tumors, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis can be diagnosed by measuring white blood cell count, protein levels, and performing bacterial cultures in the cerebrospinal fluid.

2. Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that can be diagnosed by detecting oligoclonal bands and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index in the cerebrospinal fluid.

3. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage may lead to the presence of red blood cells or blood components in the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as changes in certain biochemical indicators.

4. Central Nervous System Tumors

Detection of tumor markers and cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid to identify tumor cells can help determine the presence of central nervous system tumors.

5. Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Metabolic disorders such as diabetic ketoacidosis may also affect the composition of cerebrospinal fluid, thereby being indirectly reflected through cerebrospinal fluid examination.

Prior to the examination, it is essential to thoroughly assess the patient's indications and contraindications and perform the procedure under the guidance of a qualified physician. Close monitoring of the patient's vital signs after the examination is necessary to ensure safety.