What effects or side effects does nebulization have on children?

Generally, nebulization usually refers to nebulizer therapy. Nebulizer therapy involves converting specific medications into aerosols, which are then delivered to the affected areas via respiration with the aid of medical instruments or devices, achieving therapeutic effects. Nebulizer therapy may cause some side effects in children, including oral and pharyngeal discomfort, hoarseness, nausea and vomiting, allergic reactions, and an increased risk of respiratory tract infections. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Oral and Pharyngeal Discomfort

Nebulizer therapy delivers medication directly to the respiratory tract, which may irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. Some medications may have an unpleasant taste, and the drug particles adhering to the oral and pharyngeal areas can cause dry mouth, dry throat, and a sensation of a foreign body.

2. Hoarseness

If the medication irritates the mucous membranes of the throat during nebulization, it may cause mild edema of the throat mucosa. This swelling can interfere with the normal vibration of the vocal cords, leading to hoarseness. Usually, after stopping the nebulization and allowing appropriate rest, the throat mucosal edema gradually subsides, and the voice returns to normal.

3. Nausea and Vomiting

During nebulization, the medication may enter the digestive tract via respiration, irritating the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, if the child cries, or breathes irregularly during the process, the throat may be stimulated, triggering the pharyngeal reflex, which can lead to nausea and vomiting. Generally, after the nebulization ends and the irritation to the gastrointestinal tract is reduced, symptoms will gradually improve.

4. Allergic Reactions

Some children may be allergic to certain components in the nebulized medication. When these allergens enter the body, they can activate the immune system, causing allergic reactions. Mild symptoms may include skin itching, redness, rashes, sneezing, and runny nose, resembling common cold symptoms. Severe allergic reactions may lead to rapid breathing and worsened wheezing.

5. Increased Risk of Respiratory Infections

If the nebulizer equipment is not thoroughly cleaned, it may breed pathogens such as bacteria and fungi. During the treatment, these pathogens may enter the child's respiratory tract along with the medication particles, increasing the risk of respiratory infections. The child may develop symptoms such as fever, worsening cough, and increased sputum production. In severe cases, it could progress to bronchitis or pneumonia.

If nebulizer therapy is required, it should be conducted under the guidance of a physician. Close attention should be paid to the child's response during the treatment.