What are the causes of dull pain in the lower left abdomen in women?

　　In general, mild pain in the lower left abdomen in women may be caused by improper clothing, muscle strain, chronic gastritis, adnexitis, or ectopic pregnancy. Medical attention should be sought promptly, and treatment should follow medical advice. The specific causes are as follows:

　　1. Improper clothing: If a woman wears light clothing in cold temperatures, the abdomen may become chilled, which can cause gastrointestinal spasms or indigestion, resulting in mild pain in the lower left abdomen. No specific treatment is required; the main measures include keeping warm, adding or removing clothing timely according to weather changes, and avoiding abdominal chilling.

　　2. Muscle strain: Poor posture over long periods, excessive exercise, or trauma may cause abdominal muscle strain, leading to mild pain in the lower left abdomen. Rest should be ensured, and strenuous exercise and excessive fatigue should be avoided. Appropriate massage or physical therapy may be performed to promote muscle recovery.

　　3. Chronic gastritis: Chronic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which may damage the gastric mucosa and cause abdominal pain. Although the stomach is located in the upper left abdomen, the inflammation may spread to the lower left abdominal area, causing mild pain in the lower left abdomen and possibly accompanied by nausea. Gastric motility-improving medications such as mosapride citrate tablets, domperidone tablets, and itopride hydrochloride tablets should be used according to medical advice to relieve symptoms.

　　4. Adnexitis: Adnexitis refers to inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, usually caused by bacterial infection. Inflammatory stimulation may cause mild pain in the lower left abdomen, accompanied by increased vaginal discharge, and possibly fever. Anti-inflammatory treatment can be administered under a doctor's guidance using medications such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets, and penicillin V potassium tablets.

　　5. Ectopic pregnancy: Ectopic pregnancy refers to implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, usually occurring in the fallopian tube. Although ectopic pregnancy typically presents as severe abdominal pain, during the early stages or before rupture, patients may experience only mild pain in the lower left abdomen, possibly accompanied by amenorrhea. Treatment should follow medical advice using medications such as methotrexate tablets, mifepristone tablets, and misoprostol tablets.

　　During treatment, medical instructions should be followed, medications taken on time, and attention paid to adjusting lifestyle and dietary habits to promote recovery.

　　References:

　　1. Xie Xing, Kong Beihua, Duan Tao. Obstetrics and Gynecology [M]. 9th edition. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2018.

　　2. Chen Xiaoping, Wang Jianping, Zhao Jijiong. Surgery [M]. 9th edition. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2018.