What are the side effects of Marvelon?

　　Under normal circumstances, Marvelon refers to desogestrel ethinylestradiol tablets. Possible side effects may include pregnancy-like reactions, vaginal bleeding, weight gain, mood changes, and acne induction. It is recommended to use the medication as directed by a physician. Detailed analysis is as follows:

　　1. Pregnancy-like reaction

　　Estradiol in desogestrel ethinylestradiol tablets enters the body and directly acts on the neural receptors of the gastrointestinal tract, stimulating gastrointestinal smooth muscles and causing discomfort such as nausea and vomiting. At the same time, estrogen interferes with the body's normal hormonal balance and affects the regulatory function of the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like dizziness and fatigue similar to early pregnancy.

　　2. Vaginal bleeding

　　Missing a dose of the medication can cause sudden fluctuations in hormone levels within the body. The endometrium partially sheds due to insufficient hormonal support, resulting in irregular vaginal bleeding. Even when taking the medication on time, its metabolic process in the body might interfere with the normal growth and maintenance of the endometrium, leading to endometrial instability and subsequent spotting or brownish discharge.

　　3. Weight gain

　　Progestin promotes increased water and sodium reabsorption by the kidneys, causing fluid retention in the body and weight gain. Additionally, the medication affects the appetite regulation center in the hypothalamus, enhancing appetite and leading to excessive calorie intake, which is then converted into fat accumulation, further contributing to weight gain.

　　4. Mood changes

　　Desogestrel ethinylestradiol tablets alter the ratio of estrogen and progesterone in the body, interfering with the synthesis, release, and metabolism of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Imbalances in these neurotransmitters can affect the function of brain regions responsible for regulating emotions, potentially causing mood swings such as depression and anxiety.

　　5. Acne induction

　　The medication affects the body's endocrine system, causing an imbalance in the relative proportions of androgens and estrogens, with increased androgenic activity. Androgens stimulate sebaceous gland proliferation and secretion, leading to excessive sebum production, clogged hair follicles, and consequently inducing or exacerbating acne.

　　When using desogestrel ethinylestradiol tablets, it is essential to strictly follow medical instructions and closely monitor physical responses. If any discomfort or abnormal symptoms occur, discontinue the medication immediately and seek medical evaluation.