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What diseases can be detected through a complete blood count (CBC)?

Mar 20, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Feng
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, a routine blood test refers to a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC may help detect various conditions such as viral colds, iron-deficiency anemia, allergic diseases, aplastic anemia, and leukopenia. Routine blood tests can aid in the diagnosis of multiple diseases. In daily life, it is important to maintain a balanced diet, enhance physical fitness, and take other measures to help prevent the occurrence of related diseases.

Generally speaking, blood routine refers to a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC may help detect diseases such as viral colds, iron deficiency anemia, allergic diseases, aplastic anemia, and leukopenia. If experiencing any discomfort, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Viral Cold

A viral cold is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by viruses such as influenza virus and rhinovirus. In a CBC, the total white blood cell count may be normal or slightly decreased, the lymphocyte percentage increases, and the neutrophil percentage decreases.

2. Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when insufficient iron intake, poor absorption, or excessive loss leads to iron deficiency within red blood cells. In a CBC, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit are all decreased. Additionally, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) also decrease.

3. Allergic Diseases

Allergic diseases are abnormal immune responses triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and food. In a CBC, the number and percentage of eosinophils increase.

4. Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome caused by various factors. In a CBC, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets all decrease, along with reduced hemoglobin concentration. These changes reflect severely impaired bone marrow hematopoietic function.

5. Leukopenia

Leukopenia can be caused by various factors such as drug side effects, viral infections, and immune system disorders. In a CBC, total white blood cell count is significantly reduced, as is the neutrophil percentage.

A complete blood count is an effective diagnostic tool that assists in identifying multiple diseases. In daily life, attention should be paid to maintaining a balanced diet, enhancing physical fitness, and avoiding allergens to help prevent related diseases.

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