What does cervical cancer screening include?

Generally, cervical cancer screening includes items such as HPV testing, cytology testing, colposcopy, cervical biopsy, and cervical mucosal iodine tests. The details are as follows:

1. HPV Testing

HPV testing determines whether an individual is infected with HPV through staining microscopy, DNA testing, and other methods. Infection with high-risk types of HPV is one of the main risk factors for cervical cancer; therefore, HPV testing is an important method for detecting HPV infections, especially those caused by high-risk HPV types.

2. Cytology Testing

Cytology testing, also known as the Pap smear or liquid-based thin-layer cytology test, utilizes liquid-based cytology techniques to improve the accuracy and reliability of testing. A doctor collects cell samples from the cervix using a specialized brush and then examines the cells under a microscope for any abnormalities.

3. Colposcopy

Colposcopy is a method used to examine the surface of the cervix. A colposcope magnifies cervical tissue, helping doctors more accurately observe suspicious lesion areas. If HPV testing or cytology results are abnormal, a doctor may recommend colposcopy for further evaluation.

4. Cervical Biopsy

A cervical biopsy involves removing tissue samples from the cervix for pathological examination. Cervical tissue samples are obtained via colposcopy or surgery, and then subjected to pathological sectioning to confirm whether cervical cancer or precancerous lesions are present. This is the gold standard for diagnosing cervical cancer.

5. Cervical Mucosal Iodine Test

The cervical mucosal iodine test is primarily used to identify whether cervical epithelium lacks glycogen. Under normal circumstances, the squamous epithelium of the cervix contains abundant glycogen and turns brown or dark brown after application of iodine solution. If a certain area does not stain, it may indicate that the epithelium in that area lacks glycogen and may be abnormal, requiring further examination.

The selection of cervical cancer screening methods varies depending on individual circumstances; appropriate screening methods can be chosen according to a doctor's recommendations and specific medical conditions. At the same time, regular cervical cancer screening is one of the important measures for preventing cervical cancer. Women should choose suitable screening protocols according to their age and risk factors.