Does varicocele surgery affect fertility?

Jul 08, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Liu Feng

Introduction

Patients with mild conditions, timely surgery, and good surgical outcomes experience improved postoperative testicular blood circulation, gradual recovery of sperm quality, and increased sperm count and motility, allowing for normal fertility. These patients typically had minor preoperative sperm damage, and their reproductive function can return to normal after surgery. However, in some cases, severe conditions or suboptimal surgical outcomes may affect fertility.

Generally, in most cases, varicocele surgery does not affect fertility after the operation. However, in some cases, fertility might be impacted due to severe conditions or unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. If any abnormalities occur, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

Patients with mild conditions who undergo timely and effective surgery usually experience improved testicular blood circulation after surgery. Sperm quality gradually recovers, with increased sperm count and motility, enabling normal fertility. These patients typically had minor sperm damage before surgery, and their reproductive function can return to normal postoperatively.

For patients with severe conditions, long disease duration, or incomplete improvement of testicular blood circulation after surgery, severe sperm damage may have occurred preoperatively, making it difficult for sperm quality to return to normal after surgery. This may lead to issues such as low sperm count and reduced motility, thus affecting fertility.

Patients with varicocele should receive standardized surgical treatment as early as possible. Regular semen analysis should be conducted post-surgery, and lifestyle adjustments following doctors' recommendations are essential to improve the chances of conception.

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