What tests can detect uterine fibroids?

Generally, uterine fibroids can be detected through gynecological examinations, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, and other methods. Each diagnostic method has its own characteristics and advantages. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Gynecological Examination: Using bimanual or trimanual examination, doctors can palpate whether the uterus is enlarged, hard in texture, or has nodular protrusions. Larger uterine fibroids may cause the uterus to enlarge and become irregularly shaped, firm in texture, with single or multiple nodular protrusions. This palpation can provide an initial assessment of uterine abnormalities and guide further diagnostic evaluation.

2. Ultrasound Examination: Ultrasound is a commonly used method for diagnosing uterine fibroids, including transabdominal ultrasound and transvaginal ultrasound. Transabdominal ultrasound allows observation of the overall shape of the uterus, as well as the size, number, and location of fibroids. Transvaginal ultrasound provides clearer imaging, enabling detection of smaller fibroids and visualization of their borders and internal echogenicity. It can accurately determine whether the fibroid is subserosal, intramural, or submucosal, providing essential diagnostic information.

3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI can clearly display the size, number, and location of uterine fibroids, as well as their relationship with the uterine myometrium, endometrium, and cervix. For larger or complex fibroids, MRI can accurately determine whether degeneration has occurred, differentiate fibroids from other pelvic tumors, and provide detailed information for treatment planning. It is particularly suitable for cases where ultrasound findings are inconclusive.

4. Hysteroscopy: Hysteroscopy allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity and is particularly useful when submucosal fibroids are suspected. It enables visualization of the morphology and size of submucosal fibroids protruding into the uterine cavity. Biopsy or treatment can also be performed during the procedure to confirm whether the fibroid is submucosal and to assess its impact on the uterine cavity.

5. Laparoscopy: Laparoscopy allows direct visualization of the surface of the uterus and the morphology, size, and location of subserosal fibroids, as well as their relationship with surrounding tissues. For large subserosal fibroids or when other pelvic pathologies are suspected, laparoscopy provides direct visual imaging to aid in diagnosis and can also facilitate surgical treatment during the procedure.

When evaluating uterine fibroids, appropriate diagnostic methods can be selected based on individual circumstances. A combination of different diagnostic techniques can provide more accurate information about the fibroids. In daily life, women should undergo regular gynecological examinations to promptly detect uterine abnormalities and maintain reproductive health.