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What causes thyroid nodules?

Jul 19, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Chuanjia
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, thyroid nodules may be caused by gender differences, genetic factors, simple goiter, subacute thyroiditis, thyroid adenoma, and other reasons. If you experience any discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. In daily life, it is important to maintain a regular routine and avoid staying up late; eat a balanced diet and ensure adequate intake of proteins, vitamins, and other essential nutrients.

Under normal circumstances, thyroid nodules may be caused by gender differences, genetic factors, simple goiter, subacute thyroiditis, thyroid adenoma, and other factors. If discomfort occurs, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Gender Differences

Women experience frequent fluctuations in hormone levels, such as estrogen and progesterone, which can stimulate thyroid tissue and increase the likelihood of developing thyroid nodules. It is important to maintain healthy lifestyle habits, avoid excessive fatigue, manage emotions effectively, and reduce the impact of hormonal fluctuations on the thyroid gland.

2. Genetic Factors

Individuals with a family history of thyroid nodules have a higher risk of developing thyroid nodules due to genetic influences. These individuals should pay particular attention to thyroid health, undergo regular thyroid ultrasound examinations, and aim for early detection and early intervention.

3. Simple Goiter

Simple goiter is often caused by abnormal iodine intake. The thyroid tissue may develop diffuse or nodular hyperplasia, leading to the formation of thyroid nodules. If the nodules are large enough to affect appearance or cause compression symptoms, medications such as levothyroxine sodium tablets or thyroid tablets may be used under medical guidance. Surgery may be necessary in some cases.

4. Subacute Thyroiditis

Subacute thyroiditis is usually caused by viral infection. Inflammatory stimulation of the thyroid tissue leads to alternating processes of proliferation and repair, making the formation of thyroid nodules more likely. If significant pain occurs during the illness, medications such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules or acetaminophen tablets may be used under medical guidance to relieve pain.

5. Thyroid Adenoma

Thyroid adenoma is a benign tumor arising from thyroid follicular epithelium. Abnormal proliferation of tumor cells forms localized nodules, which usually grow slowly. If the adenoma is small and without functional abnormalities, regular follow-up observation is recommended. If the adenoma is large or accompanied by hyperthyroidism, medications such as methimazole tablets, propylthiouracil tablets, or carbimazole tablets may be used under medical guidance to control thyroid function.

In daily life, it is important to maintain a regular sleep schedule and avoid staying up late; eat a balanced diet ensuring adequate intake of proteins, vitamins, and other nutrients; engage in appropriate physical exercise, such as brisk walking or cycling, to enhance physical fitness.

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