What are the several causes that trigger the development of hemangiomas?

Nov 07, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Liu Wenmin

Introduction

Some hemangiomas show a familial clustering tendency, and genetic abnormalities may increase the risk of developing the condition. Hereditary factors may affect the regulatory mechanisms of vascular development, leading to disruptions in the process of blood vessel formation and thus triggering hemangiomas. During embryonic development, abnormalities in the formation of the vascular system—such as abnormal proliferation of vascular buds or incomplete differentiation of vascular structures—may occur.

The exact causes of hemangiomas have not been fully clarified, but they are generally associated with genetic factors, abnormal embryonic development, hormonal changes, environmental factors, and abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Genetic factors: Some hemangiomas show a familial clustering tendency, and genetic abnormalities may increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Hereditary factors may disrupt the regulatory mechanisms of blood vessel development, leading to disordered vascular formation and ultimately resulting in hemangiomas.

2. Abnormal embryonic development: During embryogenesis, abnormalities in the formation of the vascular system—such as aberrant angioblast proliferation or incomplete differentiation of vascular structures—may lead to excessive local growth of vascular tissue, resulting in hemangioma. These developmental abnormalities typically occur early in embryonic life and are often linked to changes in the embryonic environment.

3. Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels within the body may influence the development and progression of hemangiomas. In particular, hormones such as estrogen and progesterone may stimulate the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and promote vasodilation, thereby increasing the risk of hemangioma formation or enlargement.

4. Environmental factors: Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, or maternal viral infections or use of specific medications during embryonic development, may interfere with normal vascular development and trigger the formation of hemangiomas.

5. Abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells: Vascular endothelial cells are a key component of blood vessel walls, and their uncontrolled proliferation is a central event in hemangioma formation. Dysregulation of endothelial cell growth and impaired apoptosis can lead to abnormal vascular tissue overgrowth, forming disorganized vascular lesions characteristic of hemangiomas.

In daily life, individuals should monitor any unusual skin or mucosal masses. If symptoms suggestive of a hemangioma are detected, prompt medical evaluation is recommended.

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What is splenic hemangioma and is it serious?

In most cases, splenic hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors of the spleen. Most splenic hemangiomas are small in size, grow slowly, and are asymptomatic. They do not invade surrounding tissues or undergo malignant transformation, thus having no significant impact on health. These hemangiomas are often incidentally detected during routine physical examinations. No specific treatment is required; regular follow-up monitoring for changes is sufficient, and they do not affect normal daily life or life expectancy.

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What is the interventional therapy for hemangioma?

For hemangiomas that are large in size, deeply located, or unsuitable for surgical removal, interventional therapy offers distinct advantages. Under image guidance, a catheter is inserted into the affected blood vessel to deliver embolic agents that block the blood supply, causing the hemangioma to gradually shrink due to lack of nutrition. Alternatively, medications can be injected to destroy abnormal vascular endothelial cells, thereby achieving effective disease control.

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What is cryotherapy for hemangioma?

For superficial and small-sized hemangiomas, cryotherapy can directly target the lesion surface. Liquid nitrogen or other cryogenic agents are commonly used to rapidly lower the temperature, causing damage, coagulation, and necrosis of the hemangioma tissue. The necrotic tissue subsequently sloughs off gradually, leaving only a mild scar after healing. The treatment is quick, does not require complex wounds, and is suitable for patients who are unwilling to undergo surgery.

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What is hemangioma?

In general, the main causes of hemangioma formation include genetic factors, abnormal embryonic development, hormonal changes, abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and local tissue hypoxia. If symptoms suggestive of hemangioma are detected, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation at a正规 hospital. Should abnormal red or purple masses appear on the skin or mucous membranes and gradually increase in size over time, prompt medical attention is necessary for accurate diagnosis.