What are the six items in the six-sex-hormone panel?

Generally speaking, the six sex hormone tests are commonly used reproductive endocrine examinations, mainly including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, its primary function is to promote the development and maturation of ovarian follicles and regulate reproductive function. Clinically, it is often used to assess ovarian reserve function. FSH levels are frequently elevated in conditions such as premature ovarian failure and primary amenorrhea, while they may decrease in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Luteinizing hormone is also secreted by the basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Its main function is to trigger ovulation and, in synergy with FSH, promote ovulation and luteinization. The appearance of an LH peak indicates impending ovulation and can be used to predict the ovulatory period.

3. Prolactin

Secreted by the pituitary gland, its primary function is to promote breast development and lactation. Hyperprolactinemia outside of lactation can lead to menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, and infertility. It is commonly seen in conditions such as pituitary microadenoma and hypothyroidism.

4. Estradiol

Estradiol is a naturally occurring estrogen in females, primarily secreted by the ovaries. Its main function is to transform the endometrium into the proliferative phase, promote the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, and maintain normal physiological cycles. Low estradiol levels may be observed in conditions such as diminished ovarian function and premature ovarian failure.

5. Progesterone

Progesterone is a naturally occurring progestogen, primarily secreted by the corpus luteum. Its main function is to transform the endometrium from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase, preparing for the implantation of a fertilized egg. Changes in progesterone levels can reflect conditions such as luteal phase deficiency and ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

6. Testosterone

In females, small amounts of testosterone are derived from the ovaries and adrenal glands. Its primary functions include maintaining libido and promoting the growth of pubic and axillary hair. Elevated levels may cause hirsutism, acne, and oligomenorrhea, commonly seen in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and adrenal hyperplasia.

The six sex hormone tests can help physicians assess a patient's endocrine status, diagnose related diseases, and formulate appropriate treatment plans. During testing, patients should follow their physician's recommendations and undergo testing at the appropriate time to ensure the accuracy of the results.