What are the causes of coarse and disordered lung markings in the bilateral lungs of obese individuals?

Generally, the main causes of coarse and disordered lung markings in obese individuals include chest wall fat accumulation and compression, abnormal breathing patterns, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. If symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment at a正规 hospital. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Chest Wall Fat Accumulation and Compression

Excessive fat accumulation in the chest wall of obese individuals can compress the thoracic cavity, limiting lung expansion and causing deformation of the pulmonary vessels, which manifests as coarse and disordered bilateral lung markings. Weight reduction through proper diet and regular exercise can help reduce chest wall fat accumulation and alleviate pressure on the lungs.

2. Abnormal Breathing Patterns

Obese individuals often experience elevated diaphragms due to abdominal fat accumulation, leading to shallow and rapid breathing, alveolar hypoventilation, and uneven blood flow distribution in the pulmonary vessels, which may cause changes in bilateral lung markings. Diaphragmatic breathing exercises can be performed daily to improve breathing depth, enhance pulmonary ventilation function, and control body weight to reduce the impact of diaphragmatic elevation on respiration.

3. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

Obesity is a significant contributing factor to this condition. Repeated episodes of nocturnal hypoxia in affected individuals can stimulate pulmonary vasoconstriction, and long-term effects may lead to pulmonary vascular remodeling, resulting in coarse and disordered bilateral lung markings. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy under a physician's guidance can improve nocturnal hypoxia; individuals with significant symptoms may follow medical advice to take medications such as aminophylline tablets, doxofylline tablets, or montelukast sodium tablets to relieve airway spasms.

4. Chronic Bronchitis

Reduced physical activity in obese individuals can weaken respiratory tract resistance, making them prone to recurrent respiratory infections that trigger chronic bronchitis. Inflammatory stimulation can cause bronchial mucosal congestion and edema, leading to thickened and disordered lung markings. Under medical guidance, medications such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution, and salbutamol aerosol may be used to control inflammation, promote sputum expectoration, and alleviate airway spasms.

5. Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis

Long-term obesity may be accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, which can cause chronic pulmonary interstitial damage that gradually progresses to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, resulting in thickened, disordered, and even reticular lung markings. Under medical supervision, medications such as pirfenidone capsules, nintedanib soft capsules (tosylate), and prednisone acetate tablets may be used to slow disease progression.

In daily life, it is important to control body weight and maintain a healthy BMI range; avoid prolonged bed rest, increase outdoor activities appropriately to enhance lung function; prevent respiratory tract infections, dress warmly during seasonal changes, and receive influenza vaccination if necessary; and undergo regular chest CT examinations to monitor pulmonary health.