What to do about abnormal coagulation function in newborns

Generally, diseases that cause abnormal coagulation function in newborns mainly include vitamin K deficiency, neonatal hemorrhagic disease, omphalitis complicated with coagulation abnormalities, congenital coagulation factor deficiency, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. At this time, medication therapy or plasma transfusion can be selected as appropriate to improve the condition. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Vitamin K Deficiency

Since the intestinal flora of newborns has not yet been established, insufficient endogenous synthesis of vitamin K may affect the synthesis of coagulation factors, leading to abnormal coagulation function, often accompanied by umbilical bleeding and skin ecchymosis. Vitamin K1 injection should be administered under medical guidance to supplement vitamin K. At the same time, transfusion of fresh frozen plasma can rapidly replenish coagulation factors, improve coagulation function, and prevent severe bleeding.

2. Neonatal Hemorrhagic Disease

Caused by vitamin K deficiency leading to reduced activity of coagulation factors, this condition results in bleeding in multiple areas of the body and is a common coagulation disorder during the neonatal period. In addition to following medical advice to use vitamin K1 injection, if significant bleeding occurs, human prothrombin complex concentrate can be transfused to supplement the deficient coagulation factors. Close monitoring of blood loss, complete blood count, and coagulation function indicators is necessary to adjust the treatment plan accordingly.

3. Omphalitis Complicated with Coagulation Abnormalities

Bacterial infection of the umbilical stump causes omphalitis, and the spread of inflammation affects the coagulation system, leading to abnormal coagulation function, manifested as persistent umbilical bleeding and redness or swelling around the umbilicus. Under medical guidance, antibiotics such as cefaclor dry suspension or amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium dry suspension should be used for anti-infective treatment, along with povidone-iodine solution for umbilical disinfection. If coagulation indicators are significantly abnormal, short-term transfusion of fresh frozen plasma can be administered to correct the coagulation abnormalities.

4. Congenital Coagulation Factor Deficiency

Congenital deficiency of coagulation factors caused by hereditary factors is a rare pathological coagulation disorder, and spontaneous bleeding easily occurs after birth. Under medical guidance, corresponding coagulation factor concentrates should be transfused, such as recombinant human coagulation factor VIII for injection or human prothrombin complex. At the same time, injury to the newborn should be avoided to reduce the risk of bleeding. Coagulation factor levels should be monitored regularly to adjust medication dosages.

5. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Triggered by severe infections, hypoxia, or other factors, the coagulation system becomes widely activated, forming microthrombi and consuming large amounts of coagulation factors, leading to abnormal coagulation function and a critical condition. Under medical guidance, cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium for injection should be used to control infection, and fresh frozen plasma and human prothrombin complex should be transfused to replenish coagulation factors. If shock is present, dopamine injection should be used to improve circulation, while treating the underlying disease to halt disease progression.

In daily life, it is important to keep the newborn's skin and umbilical cord clean and avoid trauma; closely observe whether there are signs of bleeding on the skin and mucous membranes; pay attention to hygiene during feeding to prevent infections and reduce the risk of abnormal coagulation function.