How to diagnose ankylosing spondylitis

In general, diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis requires a comprehensive evaluation combining multiple examination methods. Commonly used examinations mainly include physical examination, blood tests, X-ray, CT scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These tests can clarify the condition of the lesions and provide evidence for diagnosis. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Physical Examination: The doctor will perform a targeted physical examination focusing on the function of the spine and sacroiliac joints. For example, the patient may be asked to bend forward, twist the body, lift the head, or lower the head to assess spinal mobility. Pressure may be applied to the sacroiliac joint area to check for tenderness.

2. Blood Tests: These mainly include testing for inflammatory markers and specific antibodies. Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are often elevated in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and reflect the level of inflammatory activity.

3. X-ray Examination: This is a common imaging method used for diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis, focusing on X-ray imaging of the sacroiliac joints and spine. X-rays of the sacroiliac joints can reveal whether the joint space has narrowed or become blurred, and whether there is joint surface erosion or sclerosis.

4. CT Scan: Compared with X-ray examination, CT scans offer higher resolution and can more clearly display subtle lesions of the sacroiliac joints, such as minor erosions and bone sclerosis in the early stages of the disease, aiding in early diagnosis. Additionally, CT scans can more accurately assess the extent of spinal involvement.

5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This is currently the most sensitive method for diagnosing early-stage ankylosing spondylitis. MRI can clearly visualize soft tissue lesions in the sacroiliac joints and spine, such as bone marrow edema and synovitis. It can detect abnormalities even before structural bone changes occur, helping doctors diagnose the disease at an earlier stage.

During the examination, patients should cooperate with the required positioning as instructed by the doctor to avoid movement that could affect the results. After the examination, the results should be promptly provided to the doctor, who will make a comprehensive assessment based on symptoms, medical history, and test findings. A clear diagnosis will then guide targeted treatment.