What vaccines are available for minors?

Common vaccines for minors include the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, polio vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Details are as follows:

1. BCG vaccine: Primarily used to prevent tuberculosis, especially severe forms such as tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. It is typically administered within 24 hours after birth.

2. Hepatitis B vaccine: Prevents infection with the hepatitis B virus. The vaccination schedule consists of three doses given at birth, 1 month of age, and 6 months of age. Hepatitis B infection may lead to serious conditions such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

3. Polio vaccine: Prevents poliomyelitis, also known as infantile paralysis. The routine immunization schedule includes doses at 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, and 4 years of age. Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by the poliovirus, primarily affecting children and potentially leading to limb disabilities.

4. DTP vaccine: Prevents pertussis (whooping cough), diphtheria, and tetanus. The standard immunization schedule includes doses at 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, and 18–24 months of age. Pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus are all serious infectious diseases, and vaccination is highly effective in preventing them.

5. MMR vaccine: Prevents measles, mumps, and rubella. The routine immunization schedule includes one dose at 8 months of age and another at 18–24 months of age. These three diseases are all acute respiratory infections that spread easily among children.

Parents should follow the schedule provided by local vaccination clinics to ensure their children receive vaccines on time and properly keep the vaccination record. For any questions, they may consult the local vaccination clinic or a qualified physician.