What are the main manifestations of zinc deficiency?
Sep 12, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yu Yongchao
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, zinc deficiency can present with various physical abnormalities, mainly manifested as growth retardation, skin and mucosal damage, decreased immune function, impaired taste and smell, and abnormalities in the reproductive system. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment at a qualified hospital. In addition, zinc deficiency may also be accompanied by difficulty concentrating and memory decline.
Generally, zinc deficiency can manifest in various physical abnormalities, mainly including growth retardation, skin and mucous membrane damage, decreased immune function, impaired taste and smell, and abnormalities in the reproductive system. If experiencing any discomfort, it is recommended to seek timely medical consultation and treatment at a reputable hospital. Detailed explanations are as follows:
1. Growth Retardation
Zinc participates in the synthesis of multiple enzymes in the body. When zinc is deficient, enzyme synthesis is impaired, leading to metabolic disturbances in cells and hindering normal growth and development. Children and adolescents may experience slow increases in height and weight, falling below the normal levels for their age, and bone development may also be affected.
2. Skin and Mucous Membrane Damage
Zinc helps maintain the integrity of skin and mucous membranes. When deficient, the capacity for skin and mucous membrane repair is reduced, making the skin prone to dryness and peeling. It may also trigger angular cheilitis and glossitis, presenting as cracked mouth corners, redness, swelling, and pain in the tongue, and some individuals may develop recurrent oral ulcers.
3. Decreased Immune Function
Zinc plays an important role in the function of immune system cells. Deficiency leads to reduced activity of immune cells, weakening the body's resistance and increasing susceptibility to pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Frequent infections like colds, coughs, and diarrhea may occur, and recovery from infections may take longer than usual.
4. Impaired Taste and Smell
Zinc is involved in the synthesis of substances related to taste and smell. Deficiency can affect the function of taste and olfactory receptors, reducing sensitivity to food flavors, leading to loss of appetite, and diminishing the ability to distinguish smells. Severe deficiency may even result in the loss of taste or smell.
5. Reproductive System Abnormalities
In adult males, zinc deficiency can impact sperm production and quality, leading to reduced sperm count and motility, potentially affecting fertility. In females, it may cause menstrual irregularities, abnormal ovulation, and other issues detrimental to reproductive health.
In addition, zinc deficiency may be accompanied by difficulties in concentration and memory decline. It is important to maintain adequate zinc levels by consuming zinc-rich foods in daily diet, such as lean meat, seafood, and nuts.
