What are the side effects of painless abortion?

Under normal circumstances, painless artificial abortion—as a method of terminating pregnancy—may lead to side effects including bleeding, infection, uterine perforation, intrauterine adhesions, and menstrual abnormalities. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Bleeding: Light vaginal bleeding commonly occurs after painless abortion, usually due to endometrial damage during the procedure. The blood loss is typically less than that of a regular menstrual period and resolves spontaneously within 3–7 days. If bleeding is heavy or prolonged, it may indicate poor uterine contraction or retained tissue in the uterine cavity, requiring prompt treatment to prevent anemia or infection.

2. Infection: Infections such as endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease may occur if sterilization procedures are inadequate during surgery or if personal hygiene is poor afterward. Symptoms may include fever, lower abdominal pain, increased vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor. Untreated infections can negatively impact future reproductive health.

3. Uterine Perforation: This is one of the more serious complications of painless abortion, often caused by improper surgical technique or pre-existing uterine abnormalities. Small perforations may be asymptomatic, but larger ones can cause severe abdominal pain and internal bleeding, requiring surgical repair to prevent life-threatening consequences.

4. Intrauterine Adhesions: Damage to the basal layer of the endometrium during surgery may result in adhesions between the anterior and posterior walls of the uterine cavity. These adhesions may manifest as significantly reduced menstrual flow, amenorrhea, or even infertility, as they may obstruct menstrual outflow and embryo implantation. Hysteroscopic surgery is often required to remove the adhesions and improve symptoms.

5. Menstrual Irregularities: Damage to the endometrium and postoperative hormonal fluctuations may lead to menstrual disorders, such as delayed periods, prolonged menstruation, or changes in menstrual volume. Most women see their cycles return to normal within 1–3 months after the procedure. Persistent irregularities should be evaluated for possible intrauterine adhesions or endocrine disorders.

Painless abortion should be performed at正规 medical institutions. After the procedure, it is essential to follow medical advice for proper care—such as avoiding tub baths, abstaining from sexual intercourse for one month, getting adequate rest, and staying warm—to minimize the risk of complications and protect reproductive health.