Can liver failure occur after liver resection?

Whether liver failure occurs after hepatectomy depends on a comprehensive assessment of several factors, including the extent of resection, preoperative liver function reserve, postoperative care, and control of underlying diseases. The specific details are as follows:

If the resected liver volume is small, involving only a portion of healthy liver tissue, and if preoperative liver function reserve is good with no severe underlying conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, and if postoperative care is appropriate with strict adherence to medical advice regarding diet and lifestyle, the liver can gradually restore its function through its strong regenerative capacity. In such cases, liver failure rarely occurs, and most patients recover smoothly.

However, if a large portion of the liver is removed, or if preoperative liver function reserve is inadequate—especially in patients with severe cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis—and if postoperative complications such as infection or bleeding arise, the liver’s regenerative and compensatory abilities may be significantly impaired. This can prevent timely functional recovery, leading to symptoms such as jaundice, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy, which may progress to liver failure.

After hepatectomy, patients should closely monitor liver function parameters, including bilirubin, albumin, and coagulation function. Daily diet should be light and easily digestible, with controlled protein intake to avoid increasing the metabolic burden on the liver. Keep the surgical wound clean and dry to prevent infection, avoid strenuous exercise and excessive fatigue, and ensure adequate rest. If symptoms such as worsening skin jaundice, increased abdominal distension, or altered mental status occur, immediate medical attention is required.