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How to effectively treat tetanus

Nov 05, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Wenmin
Introduction
Commonly used measures for the effective treatment of tetanus generally include thorough wound debridement, administration of tetanus antitoxin, use of human tetanus immunoglobulin, application of antibiotics, and symptomatic and supportive therapies. It is necessary to remove necrotic tissue, foreign bodies, and contaminants from the wound, and repeatedly irrigate the wound with hydrogen peroxide solution or normal saline to disrupt the anaerobic environment required for the growth and reproduction of Clostridium tetani.

Commonly used measures for the effective treatment of tetanus generally include thorough wound debridement, administration of tetanus antitoxin, use of human tetanus immunoglobulin, application of antibiotics, and symptomatic supportive therapy. Specific details are as follows:

1. Thorough wound debridement: Necrotic tissue, foreign bodies, and contaminants in the wound should be removed. The wound should be repeatedly irrigated with hydrogen peroxide solution or normal saline to disrupt the anaerobic environment required for the growth and reproduction of *Clostridium tetani*, thereby reducing toxin production and lowering the risk of disease progression. After debridement, the wound should be kept clean and dry.

2. Administration of tetanus antitoxin: This is used to neutralize free tetanus toxin in the body. It must be administered under medical supervision. A skin allergy test should be performed before use; only individuals with a negative result may receive the injection. It can rapidly neutralize toxins that have not yet bound to nerve tissues, thus alleviating symptoms of intoxication. For those who test positive on the allergy test, desensitization injections should be used.

3. Use of human tetanus immunoglobulin: Suitable for patients allergic to tetanus antitoxin. Skin testing is not required. It directly neutralizes tetanus toxin and has a longer duration of action, effectively relieving symptoms. It must be used strictly according to recommended dosages.

4. Application of antibiotics: Commonly used antibiotics include metronidazole and penicillin. These drugs inhibit the growth and reproduction of *Clostridium tetani*, reducing further toxin production. Penicillin requires an allergy test prior to use, while metronidazole must be administered according to specified dosage guidelines. Antibiotic selection should be based on individual patient conditions.

5. Symptomatic and supportive treatment: Treatment is directed at symptoms caused by tetanus, such as muscle spasms and respiratory distress. Sedatives such as diazepam may be used to relieve muscle spasms. Patients experiencing breathing difficulties may require oxygen therapy or tracheotomy to support respiration. Adequate nutritional support and maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance are essential to promote recovery.

During treatment, it is crucial to strictly follow medical instructions, take medications on time, and cooperate with all nursing measures. Regular dressing changes should be performed before complete wound healing, and wound recovery should be closely monitored.

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