What should be done about infantile hemangioma?

Infantile hemangiomas can be managed through observation, topical medications, laser therapy, intralesional injections, or surgical excision. Most cases improve as the child grows; treatment plans should be individualized based on the size and location of the lesion. Prompt medical evaluation is recommended if the hemangioma rapidly enlarges, ulcerates, or affects bodily functions.

1. Observation: For small, superficial hemangiomas without symptoms, regular monitoring of size and color changes is sufficient. Most regress spontaneously within 5–10 years without intervention, avoiding unnecessary medical treatments.

2. Topical Medications: For superficial hemangiomas with slow growth, specially formulated medicated creams may be applied under medical supervision to inhibit blood vessel proliferation and promote lesion shrinkage. This approach is simple, safe, and suitable for young infants.

3. Laser Therapy: Used for bright red, rapidly growing superficial hemangiomas. Specific wavelength lasers target and destroy abnormal blood vessels, reducing blood supply and promoting regression. Proper local skin care is required after treatment.

4. Intralesional Injections: For deep or large hemangiomas, low-concentration medication is precisely injected into the lesion to reduce its size. This procedure must be performed by a qualified physician to minimize risks to critical areas such as the optic nerve or eyeball.

5. Surgical Excision: Indicated for hemangiomas that obstruct the pupil, compress vital organs, or fail to respond to medication. Complete surgical removal is performed, followed by close postoperative monitoring for recovery, infection prevention, and scar management.

In daily care, dress infants in soft, loose clothing to avoid friction on the hemangioma site. Gently clean the area with lukewarm water and keep it dry. Regularly monitor for changes in the lesion and minimize external irritation.