What are the symptoms of infantile hemangioma?

Under normal circumstances, the main symptoms of infantile hemangiomas include abnormal skin coloration, raised skin masses, color changes upon pressure, dynamic changes with growth, and occasional ulceration or bleeding. If any related symptoms are observed, it is recommended to promptly take the newborn to a reputable medical facility for evaluation and diagnosis. Specific details are as follows:

1. Abnormal Skin Coloration

Infantile hemangiomas often present as localized changes in skin color, commonly appearing bright red, purplish-red, or light blue. Bright red discoloration typically results from dense proliferation of superficial capillaries with abundant blood filling, while light blue hues arise from dilated deeper vessels, where blood color shows through the thin, delicate skin. The shade of color correlates directly with the depth of the hemangioma.

2. Raised Skin Mass

Some infantile hemangiomas protrude from the skin surface, forming soft, elevated masses. These masses have a spongy texture, are usually painless upon touch, may slightly deform when pressed, and quickly regain their original shape after pressure is released. The size of the mass can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters.

3. Color Change Upon Pressure

When gently pressing on the hemangioma, the skin color visibly lightens or even temporarily disappears. After releasing the pressure, the color gradually returns. This occurs because blood is temporarily expelled from the vascular spaces within the hemangioma during compression and refills afterward. This characteristic helps differentiate hemangiomas from other skin lesions.

4. Dynamic Changes with Growth

Within the first 1–6 months after birth, most hemangiomas enter a rapid growth phase, characterized by darkening color and increasing size. After 6 months, the growth rate of some hemangiomas slows, entering a stable phase. Around 1 year of age, certain types may begin to regress, showing lighter color and reduced size. The involution process may continue for several years.

5. Occasional Ulceration and Bleeding

If a hemangioma is located in an area prone to friction, or if it suffers trauma or scratching by the infant, ulceration and bleeding may occur. This typically manifests as localized skin breakdown with minor oozing. Bleeding can usually be controlled with gentle pressure, but proper wound care is essential after ulceration to prevent infection.

In daily care, keep the skin over the hemangioma clean and dry. Dress the infant in soft, loose-fitting clothing to minimize friction, and avoid squeezing or scratching the lesion. If the hemangioma rapidly increases in size, frequently ulcerates or bleeds, or shows signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or discharge, seek prompt medical attention. A healthcare provider will assess whether intervention or treatment is necessary.