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What are the side effects of azithromycin capsules?

Nov 06, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
In general, azithromycin capsules, as a macrolide antibiotic, commonly cause side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, skin allergic reactions, neurological symptoms, liver function abnormalities, and hearing impairment. When using this medication, contraindications and precautions should be observed; it is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics, and dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal insufficiency.

Generally, azithromycin capsules, as a macrolide antibiotic, may cause common side effects including gastrointestinal discomfort, skin allergic reactions, neurological symptoms, liver function abnormalities, and hearing effects. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Gastrointestinal discomfort: This is the most common side effect, manifesting as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Symptoms usually occur early in treatment and are generally mild, well-tolerated by most individuals. However, severe diarrhea may lead to intestinal flora imbalance; therefore, attention should be paid to replenishing fluids and electrolytes.

2. Skin allergic reactions: Some individuals may develop rashes, itching, or urticaria after taking the medication. In rare cases, severe allergic dermatitis may occur, characterized by skin redness, blisters, and peeling. If such symptoms appear, the drug should be discontinued immediately to prevent worsening of the allergic reaction.

3. Neurological symptoms: A minority of people may experience dizziness, headache, drowsiness, or fatigue. Occasionally, restlessness or difficulty concentrating may occur. These symptoms are usually mild and gradually resolve after discontinuation of the drug. Patients should avoid activities requiring high concentration—such as working at heights or driving—during treatment.

4. Liver function abnormalities: In very rare cases, abnormal liver function tests may occur, such as elevated transaminases or bilirubin levels, possibly accompanied by symptoms like fatigue, jaundice, and darkened urine. Patients with pre-existing liver disease should have their liver function regularly monitored during treatment.

5. Hearing effects: Rarely, hearing loss or tinnitus may occur. These effects are mostly temporary and gradually improve after stopping the drug, but in a few cases, permanent hearing damage may develop. Any hearing changes during treatment should be promptly evaluated and appropriate adjustments made to medication use.

It is also important to observe contraindications and precautions when using this medication. It is contraindicated in individuals allergic to macrolide antibiotics. Dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment. Concomitant use with other drugs that may interact should be avoided. Strict adherence to medical instructions is essential to ensure both safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

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