What should be noted after anal fistula surgery?

After anal fistula surgery, patients generally need to pay attention to wound cleaning and care, dietary adjustments, bowel habit management, control of activity intensity, and monitoring for abnormal symptoms. Specific details are as follows:

1. Wound Cleaning and Care: The surgical wound should be cleaned daily after surgery. Sitz baths using warm water or a prescribed cleansing solution may be performed as directed by the physician, lasting 15–20 minutes each time, to help remove secretions and reduce the risk of infection. After cleaning, gently pat the wound dry with a soft towel to avoid friction or irritation. Apply topical ointments or change dressings as instructed.

2. Dietary Adjustments: Postoperative diet should focus on light, easily digestible foods rich in dietary fiber, such as vegetables, whole grains, and fruits, which help soften stools and reduce friction on the wound during defecation. Avoid spicy, stimulating, greasy, or fried foods to prevent wound irritation or constipation.

3. Bowel Habit Management: Maintain regular bowel movements after surgery; avoid suppressing the urge to defecate, which can lead to stool hardening. Do not strain excessively during bowel movements to prevent wound traction, pain, or bleeding. If difficulty passing stool occurs, use laxatives as prescribed by your doctor to facilitate smooth bowel movements and reduce stress on the wound.

4. Control of Activity Intensity: Rest adequately during the early postoperative period and avoid strenuous activities such as running, jumping, prolonged sitting, or standing, which may place pressure on or pull at the wound, impairing healing. Light activities such as slow walking are acceptable and may promote blood circulation, but duration and intensity should be limited to levels that do not cause physical discomfort.

5. Monitoring for Abnormal Symptoms: Closely observe the wound after surgery. Seek immediate medical advice if persistent bleeding, increasing redness or swelling, severe pain, increased discharge with foul odor, or systemic symptoms such as fever and fatigue occur, as these may indicate infection or impaired healing.

During recovery from anal fistula surgery, it is essential to strictly follow all medical instructions and attend scheduled follow-up appointments to monitor wound healing. Any concerns regarding postoperative care should be promptly discussed with healthcare providers to ensure a smooth recovery process.