Can rectal polyps cause bleeding during bowel movements?

In general, whether rectal polyps cause rectal bleeding depends on the specific characteristics of the polyp. If related symptoms occur, prompt medical evaluation is recommended. The details are as follows:

Small rectal polyps that are smooth-surfaced and without injury typically do not cause rectal bleeding. These polyps grow slowly and do not irritate or damage the intestinal mucosa or blood vessels. They are unlikely to become injured due to friction during bowel movements and often cause no noticeable symptoms, usually being discovered incidentally during routine physical examinations.

Larger rectal polyps with a rough surface or inflammation are more likely to cause rectal bleeding. The mucosal surface of such polyps is fragile, and friction from stool during defecation may lead to mucosal injury and blood vessel rupture. Blood typically appears on the surface of the stool or passes with it, bright red in color, and generally does not mix with the stool. Some patients may also experience mild abdominal pain or a sensation of anal heaviness during bowel movements.

When rectal bleeding is suspected, one should observe the color and appearance of the blood as well as any accompanying symptoms, but should not self-diagnose the underlying cause. It is important to maintain regular bowel habits and avoid straining during defecation to prevent intestinal injury. Spicy and irritating foods should be reduced to minimize gastrointestinal irritation. If bleeding becomes frequent or increases in volume, or if it is accompanied by worsening abdominal pain or changes in stool characteristics, timely medical evaluation is essential to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment, preventing disease progression or delayed diagnosis.