Does narcolepsy affect intelligence quotient (IQ)?

In general, narcolepsy itself does not directly affect intelligence quotient (IQ); assessment should be based on the control of the condition. When the disease is stable and properly managed, it does not impair cognitive function. However, if symptoms persist uncontrolled over a long period, they may indirectly interfere with cognitive performance. The detailed analysis is as follows:

If the patient’s condition is well-controlled through medication and behavioral interventions that reduce the frequency of episodes, they can remain awake and alert during daily activities such as studying or working, allowing normal operation of brain cognitive functions. IQ is determined by both genetic inheritance and postnatal development; since narcolepsy itself does not damage the brain's intellectual centers, intellectual levels remain unaffected.

However, when the condition remains uncontrolled for prolonged periods, patients may experience frequent, irresistible daytime sleepiness, even falling asleep suddenly during learning or mental tasks. This can lead to difficulty concentrating, reduced memory, and impaired knowledge acquisition and logical thinking, creating the false impression that IQ has been affected.

Daily care should focus on helping patients establish regular sleep-wake routines, avoiding late nights and excessive fatigue. Scheduled short naps during the day can help reduce sudden sleep attacks. In addition, patients should adhere to prescribed medications under medical supervision and live in a quiet, comfortable environment to support the maintenance of normal cognitive function.