What is the pathogen that causes trachoma?

The pathogen responsible for trachoma is *Chlamydia trachomatis*, a microorganism that exists between bacteria and viruses. It primarily affects the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, causing chronic infectious conjunctivokeratitis, which in severe cases may lead to vision deterioration or even blindness. If symptoms such as itchy eyes, foreign body sensation, increased discharge, or blurred vision occur, prompt medical attention is recommended.

*Chlamydia trachomatis* has unique biological characteristics, enabling it to replicate within human conjunctival epithelial cells and trigger inflammatory responses by damaging these cells. The organism has weak resistance to external environments, is heat-sensitive, but can survive at low temperatures. It mainly spreads through direct contact with eye secretions from infected individuals or indirect contact with contaminated objects.

After infection, *Chlamydia trachomatis* can remain latent in conjunctival tissues for long periods, leading to chronic inflammation characterized by conjunctival congestion, papillary hyperplasia, and follicle formation. In later stages, complications such as conjunctival scarring and entropion with trichiasis may develop, continuously impairing corneal transparency and affecting vision.

Daily precautions include maintaining personal hygiene, avoiding sharing towels, basins, or other personal items, frequently washing hands, and refraining from rubbing the eyes. Keeping living environments clean and well-ventilated helps reduce pathogen transmission. Hand hygiene after contact with trachoma patients is essential to lower the risk of infection.