What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy, often associated with infections. It primarily manifests as limb weakness and sensory disturbances. Most patients have a good prognosis with timely treatment, but serious complications should be carefully monitored. The detailed analysis is as follows:

The disease commonly occurs after infections such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, in which abnormal immune responses attack the peripheral nerves, leading to impaired nerve conduction. Initial symptoms often include lower limb weakness that gradually ascends; in severe cases, respiratory muscles may be involved, causing difficulty breathing. Some patients also experience sensory abnormalities such as numbness or tingling, along with diminished or absent tendon reflexes. Symptoms progress rapidly but usually peak within two weeks. Diagnosis requires integration of medical history and neurophysiological studies. Treatment mainly involves immunotherapy combined with symptomatic and supportive measures.

In daily care, during the acute phase, patients should remain bedridden with enhanced respiratory care to prevent pulmonary infections. During the recovery phase, early rehabilitation training—such as limb function exercises—should be initiated to promote neurological recovery.