What does hyperkalemia mean?

Hyperkalemia refers to a condition in which the concentration of potassium ions in the blood exceeds the normal range. The key diagnostic criterion is a serum potassium level ≥5.5 mmol/L, often associated with abnormal potassium excretion or excessive intake, requiring timely intervention. A detailed analysis is as follows:

The normal physiological range of serum potassium in the human body is 3.5–5.5 mmol/L. Potassium ions play an important role in maintaining cardiac rhythm and muscle contraction. When kidney function is impaired, potassium excretion becomes obstructed; additionally, excessive consumption of high-potassium foods such as bananas and seaweed, or taking certain medications that affect potassium metabolism, may all lead to elevated blood potassium levels. This abnormality may initially present without obvious symptoms and is easily overlooked. The primary risk of hyperkalemia lies in its impact on cardiac function, potentially causing arrhythmias and, in severe cases, even cardiac arrest. Other possible manifestations include numbness in hands and feet, muscle weakness, and abdominal pain.

To prevent hyperkalemia, it is important to maintain a balanced diet and avoid long-term, excessive intake of high-potassium foods. Patients with underlying medical conditions should strictly follow medical advice regarding medication use and must not adjust dosages on their own. Regular health check-ups can help detect abnormal potassium levels early, allowing timely intervention. Through dietary management and, if necessary, medication support, health risks associated with hyperkalemia can be effectively reduced.