Can you get the flu more than once?

Nov 24, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Ren Yi

Introduction

Influenza can lead to reinfection. The risk is higher when the virus mutates or immunity declines, and lower when immunity is strong and protective measures are adequate. If the influenza virus undergoes mutation and a new subtype emerges, antibodies in the body may fail to recognize the new virus even if the person has had influenza before. Additionally, individuals with weaker immune systems—such as the elderly, infants, and those with chronic diseases—may produce antibodies that do not last as long.

In general, reinfection with influenza is possible. The risk is higher when the virus mutates or immunity decreases, while the risk is lower when immunity is strong and protective measures are adequate. If in doubt, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider in advance. Detailed analysis is as follows:

If the influenza virus mutates and new subtypes emerge, even individuals previously infected with influenza may have antibodies that fail to recognize the new virus. Additionally, people with weakened immune systems—such as the elderly, infants, and those with chronic diseases—may produce shorter-lasting antibodies, making them more susceptible to reinfection.

However, if a person has recently recovered from an influenza infection and still retains antibodies against that specific subtype, and if their immune system is functioning normally, along with consistent preventive practices such as wearing masks, frequent handwashing, and avoiding crowded places to reduce exposure to the virus, the risk of reinfection is relatively low.

To prevent influenza, individuals can receive an annual flu vaccine to strengthen targeted immunity, maintain good daily hygiene habits, follow a regular作息 (sleep schedule) to boost natural resistance, and seek timely medical treatment if flu symptoms appear, helping to prevent worsening illness and transmission to others.

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