What are the diagnostic criteria for sepsis?

Diagnostic criteria for sepsis include evidence of infection, manifestations of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), indicators of organ dysfunction, hemodynamic abnormalities, and abnormal laboratory findings, which must be comprehensively evaluated based on multiple factors. If an infection is present along with symptoms such as fever or altered mental status, immediate medical attention is recommended.

1. Evidence of infection: The presence of a confirmed infection source—such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, or skin and soft tissue infection—or detection of pathogens through positive bacterial cultures or positive viral nucleic acid testing serves as the fundamental basis for diagnosis.

2. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) manifestations: Signs including fever or hypothermia, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and elevated or decreased white blood cell count indicate systemic inflammatory activation in the body.

3. Organ dysfunction indicators: Presence of at least one sign of organ impairment—such as acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), altered consciousness, or coagulation abnormalities—is key to assessing the severity of sepsis.

4. Hemodynamic abnormalities: Manifested as persistent hypotension that cannot be maintained at normal levels despite fluid resuscitation, or requiring vasopressor support to maintain circulatory stability, indicating impaired cardiovascular function.

5. Laboratory abnormalities: Elevated inflammatory markers such as procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, and increased lactate levels indicating inadequate tissue perfusion, help confirm the diagnosis and evaluate disease severity.

Prevention of infection should be emphasized in daily life, including maintaining personal hygiene and promptly treating localized infections. After infection, closely monitor changes in symptoms, ensure adequate nutrition and rest, strengthen the body's immunity, and support recovery.