What are the nursing diagnoses for cardiogenic shock?
Nov 25, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Tian Hongbo
Introduction
Cardiogenic shock is a critical condition caused by heart pump failure, and the corresponding nursing diagnoses mainly include ineffective tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, anxiety, pain, and risk for impaired skin integrity. In clinical nursing, targeted interventions should be developed based on these diagnoses, with close monitoring of the patient's condition, precise implementation of nursing measures, and provision of support for the patient's treatment and recovery.
Cardiogenic shock is a critical condition caused by acute failure of the heart's pumping function. The corresponding nursing diagnoses mainly include ineffective tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, anxiety, pain, and risk for impaired skin integrity. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Ineffective Tissue Perfusion: Caused by a sudden decrease in cardiac output, this manifests as cold, clammy extremities, pallor or cyanosis, weak and rapid pulse, decreased blood pressure, reduced urine output, or even anuria. When cerebral perfusion is compromised, patients may develop confusion, drowsiness, or other altered mental status. Close monitoring of circulatory parameters is essential.
2. Impaired Gas Exchange: Associated with pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema, patients may experience dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. Auscultation reveals moist crackles in the lungs. Oxygen therapy and positional adjustments are necessary to improve ventilation and relieve hypoxia.
3. Anxiety: Due to the severity of the illness and prominent symptoms, patients often experience fear and restlessness, presenting as irritability, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating. Nursing care should emphasize communication and provide psychological support to help build confidence in treatment.
4. Pain: Typically caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, it commonly presents as a crushing substernal chest pain that may radiate to the shoulders and back. The pain is severe and prolonged. Prompt administration of analgesics as prescribed is essential to relieve pain and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption.
5. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity: Prolonged bed rest, poor circulation, and inadequate nutritional supply increase the risk of pressure ulcers. Nursing interventions include regular repositioning, massage of pressure-prone areas, maintaining clean and dry skin, and enhancing nutritional support.
In clinical nursing, targeted interventions should be developed based on the above diagnoses. Close observation of the patient’s condition and precise implementation of nursing measures are crucial to support treatment and promote recovery.
