Itchy throat, itchy nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, and runny nose—what’s causing this and what should I do?

Itchy throat, itchy nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, and runny nose may be caused by exposure to allergens, environmental irritants, allergic rhinitis, allergic pharyngitis, or allergic conjunctivitis. These symptoms can be improved by avoiding triggers, proper hygiene, and medical treatment. If symptoms persist or are accompanied by difficulty breathing, prompt medical attention is necessary.

1. Allergen exposure: Contact with allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander can trigger an allergic reaction in the body, leading to itching in multiple areas, sneezing, and a runny nose. It is recommended to immediately avoid the allergen, rinse the nasal passages and eyes with clean water, and change clothes to reduce allergen residue.

2. Environmental irritation: Dry air, excessive dust, or sudden changes in temperature can irritate the respiratory tract and mucous membranes, causing itching and sneezing. These symptoms are usually temporary. It is advisable to maintain indoor ventilation, use a humidifier to regulate humidity, and wear a mask outdoors to minimize external irritation.

3. Allergic rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal mucosa triggered by allergens causes symptoms such as itchy nose, sneezing, and clear nasal discharge, often accompanied by nasal congestion and reduced sense of smell. Patients may take medications such as loratadine tablets, mometasone furoate nasal spray, or montelukast sodium chewable tablets under medical guidance to relieve symptoms.

4. Allergic pharyngitis: In individuals with allergic constitutions, exposure to allergens can cause an allergic reaction in the pharyngeal mucosa, resulting in an itchy throat and dry cough, often occurring alongside symptoms of rhinitis. It is recommended to use medications such as cetirizine drops, pharyngitis tablets, or budesonide suspension under a doctor's supervision to alleviate discomfort.

5. Allergic conjunctivitis: When allergens enter the eyes, they trigger inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing itchy, red eyes with increased secretions and a sensation of foreign body in the eye. Patients may use antiallergic eye drops such as emedastine difumarate eye drops, sodium cromoglycate eye drops, or olopatadine hydrochloride eye drops as directed by a physician to improve symptoms.

Maintain indoor cleanliness to reduce allergen accumulation, frequently change bedding and ventilate regularly, follow a light diet avoiding spicy and irritating foods, drink plenty of water to keep mucous membranes moist, and engage in moderate exercise to strengthen overall health.