What causes red bumps on the head after drinking alcohol?

Generally, red bumps appearing on the head after drinking alcohol may be caused by factors such as scalp blood vessel dilation, excessive sebaceous gland secretion, folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis, or urticaria. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under a doctor's guidance. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Scalp blood vessel dilation: Alcohol can stimulate the dilation of capillaries in the scalp. When blood vessels become engorged with blood, red bumps may form, often accompanied by mild throbbing pain. Discontinue alcohol consumption, drink plenty of warm water to accelerate alcohol metabolism, and apply a cool compress to the head for 10 to 15 minutes to help constrict blood vessels and relieve symptoms.

2. Excessive sebaceous gland secretion: Alcohol accelerates bodily metabolism, increasing sebum production by scalp sebaceous glands. Accumulated oil can clog pores and lead to red bumps. Reduce intake of spicy and greasy foods, use an oil-control shampoo, and wash the scalp 2–3 times per week to maintain a clean and fresh scalp.

3. Folliculitis: Inflammation of hair follicles in the scalp caused by infection with *Staphylococcus aureus* can be worsened by alcohol, presenting as small red papules accompanied by mild pain. Follow medical advice to apply topical medications such as mupirocin ointment, fusidic acid cream, or clindamycin gel. Clean the affected area with warm water before application.

4. Seborrheic dermatitis: Associated with excessive sebum production and *Malassezia* fungal infection, alcohol can irritate the scalp and exacerbate symptoms, leading to light red bumps with flaking. Use antifungal shampoos such as ketoconazole shampoo, selenium sulfide shampoo, or coal tar shampoo, washing the scalp 1–2 times weekly as directed by product instructions.

5. Urticaria: Alcohol may act as an allergen, triggering skin allergy reactions that manifest as hive-like red bumps on the head, accompanied by significant itching. Take antihistamines such as cetirizine hydrochloride tablets, loratadine capsules, or ebastine tablets as prescribed. If difficulty breathing occurs, seek emergency medical care immediately; tracheotomy may be required if necessary to maintain airway patency.

In daily life, limit alcohol consumption and avoid drinking on an empty stomach to reduce irritation to the body. Maintain a regular sleep schedule, avoid staying up late, eat a light diet, and consume more fresh vegetables and fruits to promote healthy scalp skin.