How to manage vaccine reactions

Management of vaccine reactions mainly includes care for local redness, swelling, and pain; symptomatic treatment for fever; relief of fatigue and dizziness; regulation of gastrointestinal discomfort; and initial intervention for allergic reactions. Most reactions are mild and short-lived, so there's generally no need for excessive concern. However, if severe allergic reactions, persistent high fever, or discomfort lasting more than three days occur, prompt medical attention is recommended.

1. Local redness, swelling, and pain care: When mild redness, swelling, or pain occurs at the injection site, keep the area clean and dry, avoid scratching or pressing, and refrain from bathing within 24 hours. Applying a cold compress appropriately may help reduce swelling. Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously within 1–2 days.

2. Symptomatic management of fever: If body temperature is below 38.5°C, drink plenty of warm water and reduce clothing to aid heat dissipation. For temperatures exceeding 38.5°C, take appropriate doses of antipyretic medication. Avoid using multiple fever-reducing drugs simultaneously, and closely monitor changes in body temperature.

3. Relief of fatigue and dizziness: Ensure adequate rest, avoid strenuous exercise and overexertion. Eat light, easily digestible meals, supplement with vitamins and fluids, and avoid fasting or extreme hunger. Symptoms typically subside gradually within 1–3 days.

4. Management of gastrointestinal discomfort: In cases of nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, maintain a light diet temporarily and avoid greasy or spicy foods. Eat small, frequent meals to reduce gastrointestinal burden, and drink plenty of warm water to prevent dehydration. Seek medical advice if symptoms persist.

5. Initial intervention for allergic reactions: For mild rashes or itching, avoid scratching and wear loose, cotton clothing. If signs of severe allergy occur—such as difficulty breathing or facial swelling—immediately stop all activity and seek emergency medical assistance.

Remain under observation at the vaccination site for 30 minutes after inoculation. After returning home, avoid exposure to cold, maintain regular sleep patterns to strengthen immunity, eat a balanced and nutritious diet, avoid taking medications unnecessarily, and closely monitor bodily changes. Mild reactions can usually be managed through self-care.