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How to manage tetanus positive cases

Dec 02, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Feng
Introduction
For a positive tetanus skin test (hypersensitivity), management strategies include desensitization injections, switching vaccine types, delaying vaccination, using combination medications for prevention, and closely monitoring reactions, in order to prevent worsening of allergic responses and ensure effective prophylaxis. If severe allergic manifestations such as acute rash, difficulty breathing, or hypotension occur, immediate medical attention is recommended.

For a positive tetanus skin test (hypersensitivity), management strategies include desensitization injection, switching vaccine type, delaying injection, prophylactic combination medication, and close monitoring of reactions to prevent worsening allergic responses and ensure effective prevention. If severe allergic symptoms such as acute rash, difficulty breathing, or blood pressure drop occur, immediate medical attention is recommended.

1. Desensitization Injection: Administer the tetanus vaccine in multiple small doses at 20–30 minute intervals, allowing the body to gradually adapt to the antigen and reduce the risk of allergy. This process must be conducted under the supervision of qualified healthcare professionals.

2. Switching Vaccine Type: For individuals allergic to tetanus toxoid vaccines, switching to tetanus immunoglobulin is an option. This provides immediate passive immunity, does not require a skin test, and is suitable for emergency prevention or patients unable to tolerate desensitization injections.

3. Delayed Injection: If the skin test is positive but associated with only mild local reactions, wait until the reaction resolves (usually within 1–3 days) before re-evaluating or adjusting the injection plan. Avoid administering the vaccine during active inflammatory phases.

4. Prophylactic Combination Medication: Under physician guidance, antihistamines may be used alongside vaccination to preemptively prevent allergic reactions, especially in individuals with known allergies or a history of vaccine hypersensitivity.

5. Close Monitoring of Reactions: After injection, remain under observation at a medical facility for 30 minutes to monitor for adverse effects such as rash, itching, dizziness, or nausea, enabling prompt management of any acute allergic events.

After vaccination, keep the injection site clean and dry, avoid scratching or friction, maintain a light diet free of spicy or irritating foods, drink plenty of water to promote metabolism, follow a regular作息 schedule, and avoid fatigue to minimize potential triggers of allergic reactions.

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