Is varicella-zoster virus contagious?

Generally, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is contagious, but its transmissibility and transmission routes vary at different stages. The details are as follows:

Varicella-zoster virus is contagious primarily because the causative virus has the ability to spread. The virus responsible for the disease can be transmitted through fluid from skin blisters or respiratory secretions of infected individuals. During the illness, the fluid released when blisters rupture contains a high concentration of virus, and direct contact with this fluid easily leads to infection. Additionally, when an infected person coughs or sneezes, the virus can spread via airborne droplets; healthy individuals who inhale these droplets may become infected. Individuals who have never had chickenpox or received the vaccine are particularly susceptible and face a higher risk of infection upon exposure.

Patients should avoid close contact with others until all blisters have completely crusted over. It is important to keep the skin clean, wear loose and soft clothing, and avoid scratching blisters to prevent secondary infection due to skin damage. Regularly ventilate indoor spaces to maintain good air circulation. Items such as clothing and towels used by the patient should be washed and disinfected separately. Maintain a light, easily digestible diet, consume foods rich in vitamins, ensure adequate rest, and avoid fatigue. Uninfected individuals can receive the vaccine to reduce their risk of infection. Seek medical attention promptly if symptoms such as fever or rash appear.