How to treat Epstein-Barr virus

Dec 03, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Li Feng

Introduction

The main treatment approaches for Epstein-Barr (EB) virus include symptomatic and supportive care, antiviral therapy, immunomodulatory treatment, management of complications, and surgical intervention, with individualized interventions based on the type of infection and disease severity. Prompt medical evaluation is recommended if persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, or neurological symptoms occur. Bed rest is considered a fundamental component of basic treatment.

EB virus infection can be managed through various approaches including symptomatic and supportive care, antiviral therapy, immunomodulatory treatment, management of complications, and surgical intervention. Individualized treatment strategies should be tailored based on the type of infection and severity of illness. Prompt medical evaluation is recommended if persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, or neurological symptoms occur to confirm diagnosis.

1. Symptomatic and supportive care: As foundational management, this includes bed rest to prevent splenic rupture, use of acetaminophen for fever control, mouthwashes to relieve sore throat, and ensuring adequate nutrition and fluid intake to support natural recovery.

2. Antiviral therapy: For severe cases or immunocompromised patients, antivirals such as acyclovir or ganciclovir may be used to inhibit viral DNA replication and reduce tissue damage. However, these are not routinely recommended for typical infections, as they do not significantly shorten the duration of illness.

3. Immunomodulatory therapy: In patients with chronic active EBV infection or impaired immunity, agents such as thymosin or interferon may be used to enhance cellular immune function, aiding in viral clearance or controlling inflammatory responses.

4. Management of complications: Liver injury is treated with hepatoprotective drugs; bacterial co-infections are managed with antibiotics selected according to sensitivity testing; short-term corticosteroids may be used for severe thrombocytopenia or airway obstruction due to laryngeal edema.

5. Surgical treatment: Reserved only for severe complications such as splenic rupture or compression from massive lymphadenopathy. Surgery may involve repair or resection of affected tissues, strictly indicated after thorough evaluation to save the patient's condition.

Routine lifestyle measures include maintaining regular sleep patterns and avoiding staying up late, eating a balanced diet rich in protein and vitamins, avoiding strenuous exercise to prevent splenic injury, keeping living areas well-ventilated and clean, and engaging in moderate, gentle physical activity to strengthen overall health, thereby promoting recovery and preventing infection.

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What should be done if a pregnant woman is infected with Epstein-Barr virus?

In general, EB virus infection in pregnant women is usually associated with factors such as dehydration, excessive fatigue, decreased immune resistance, exposure to infectious sources, and environmental influences. Pregnant women should seek timely medical treatment at a正规 hospital and receive appropriate therapy based on their condition. In daily life, pregnant women should ensure adequate rest, maintain sufficient sleep, and avoid prolonged熬夜.