What are the symptoms of COVID-19 infection?

Generally, symptoms of novel coronavirus infection mainly include fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, and muscle aches. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Fever

After viral invasion, the body's immune system is stimulated, triggering an inflammatory response and disrupting the function of the temperature regulation center, leading to fever. Body temperature is usually low-grade or moderate fever, although some patients may develop high fever. The duration of fever varies among individuals and is often accompanied by chills, headache, and other discomforts. These symptoms can be relieved through physical cooling methods or antipyretic medications as directed by a healthcare provider.

2. Cough

The virus invades the respiratory mucosa, causing congestion, swelling, and increased secretions, which stimulate respiratory receptors and trigger coughing. The cough is mostly dry; some patients may later produce small amounts of phlegm. Severe coughing can interfere with rest. Maintaining indoor humidity and using cough suppressants when necessary can help alleviate symptoms.

3. Sore Throat

Inflammation occurs in the mucous membranes of the throat due to viral infection, damaging the epithelial lining and resulting in redness, swelling, and pain. Pain may worsen during swallowing, affecting eating and drinking. Symptoms can be relieved by consuming warm or cool liquids, using throat lozenges, and minimizing irritation to the throat.

4. Fatigue

During infection, the active immune response consumes significant energy, while viral metabolic products disrupt normal physiological functions, leading to feelings of fatigue. Patients often experience generalized weakness and low energy, with increased exhaustion after physical activity. Adequate rest should be ensured, overexertion avoided, and energy replenished through balanced nutrition.

5. Muscle Aches

Cytokines released during the inflammatory response stimulate muscle tissues, causing soreness and tenderness, commonly felt in the back, limbs, and other areas. The severity varies depending on individual constitution. Gentle massage and heat application may help relieve muscle tension and reduce pain. Strenuous exercise should be avoided during this time.

Symptoms of novel coronavirus infection vary from person to person—some individuals experience only mild symptoms, while others may develop severe manifestations such as difficulty breathing. Once symptoms appear, self-isolation should be implemented, plenty of warm water consumed, and nutritional balance maintained. If symptoms progressively worsen or if the patient has underlying medical conditions, prompt medical attention is necessary to prevent disease progression.