What are the differences between bacterial cough and viral cough?

Bacterial cough and viral cough differ mainly in terms of causative pathogens, symptom presentation, disease progression, laboratory test results, and treatment principles. If a cough persists for more than one week and symptoms worsen, especially accompanied by high fever or chest pain, prompt medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause.

1. Different causes and pathogens: Bacterial cough is caused by bacterial infections, with common pathogens including *Streptococcus pneumoniae* and *Staphylococcus aureus*. Viral cough results from viral infections, commonly due to influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and others.

2. Different symptom presentations: Bacterial cough typically produces large amounts of purulent (pus-containing) sputum and may be accompanied by yellow nasal discharge and persistent high fever. Viral cough often begins as a dry cough or with small amounts of white sputum, and is frequently associated with sneezing, clear runny nose, and body aches.

3. Different disease progression: Bacterial cough usually develops gradually and symptoms progressively worsen if left untreated. In contrast, viral cough tends to onset abruptly; some cases are self-limiting and typically resolve within about a week.

4. Different laboratory findings: In bacterial cough, complete blood count (CBC) shows significantly elevated white blood cell count and increased neutrophil percentage, along with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). In viral cough, CBC typically reveals normal or low white blood cell count, with possible increase in lymphocyte percentage.

5. Different treatment approaches: Bacterial cough requires antibiotic therapy, with drug selection based on the specific pathogen identified. Viral cough is primarily managed through symptomatic treatment using cough suppressants, expectorants, and antiviral medications as needed; routine use of antibiotics is not recommended.

Patient care should include ensuring adequate rest, avoiding fatigue and cold exposure, and maintaining indoor air that is fresh and humidified. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, eat light and easily digestible foods, and avoid spicy, irritating, overly sweet, or salty foods. Limit outings to reduce the risk of cross-infection, and cover the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing to maintain hygiene.