What are the symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
Dec 12, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Feng
Introduction
Typical symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include manifestations related to anemia, tendency to bleed, fever due to infection, swollen lymph nodes, and bone or joint pain. If any of these symptoms occur, prompt evaluation at a reputable hospital's hematology department is necessary. Anemia-related manifestations: suppression of bone marrow hematopoietic function leads to reduced red blood cell production, resulting in pallor, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath in patients.
Typical symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia include manifestations related to anemia, tendency to bleed, infection with fever, swollen lymph nodes, and bone or joint pain. If any of the above symptoms occur, prompt medical evaluation at a reputable hospital's hematology department is necessary.
1. Anemia-related manifestations: Suppressed bone marrow hematopoietic function leads to reduced red blood cell production. Patients may experience pallor, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath, which worsen with physical activity. Additional symptoms may include lethargy and difficulty concentrating.
2. Bleeding tendency: Due to reduced platelet count or impaired platelet function, patients are prone to skin bruising (ecchymoses and petechiae), bleeding gums, and nosebleeds. In severe cases, internal bleeding or gastrointestinal hemorrhage may occur.
3. Infection and fever: A decrease in normal immune cells weakens the body's resistance, making patients susceptible to various infections. Fever is common, with variable temperature elevation, often accompanied by symptoms such as cough, sputum production, sore throat, frequent urination, and urgency, depending on the site of infection.
4. Swollen lymph nodes: Leukemic cells infiltrate lymph nodes, causing generalized lymphadenopathy commonly found in the neck, armpits, and groin areas. The enlarged lymph nodes are typically soft, non-tender, and may coalesce into larger masses.
5. Bone and joint pain: Infiltration of leukemic cells into bones and joints causes bone pain and joint aches. Pediatric patients may present with limb pain and difficulty walking. Some patients exhibit tenderness over the sternum, with noticeable pain upon pressure.
In daily care, ensure the patient gets adequate rest and avoid overexertion or strenuous physical activity. Provide a light, easily digestible, nutritionally balanced diet rich in protein and vitamins. Maintain a clean and well-ventilated living environment, and practice good oral and skin hygiene to minimize the risk of infection.
