What are the symptoms of tenosynovitis?

Tenosynovitis symptoms include localized joint pain, swelling and protrusion at the affected site, crepitus (audible “snapping” or “popping”) during joint movement, restricted flexion and extension, and tenderness upon palpation at specific points. If joint locking—where the joint becomes stuck and cannot flex or extend—occurs, or if signs such as localized skin redness, swelling, and warmth appear, prompt medical evaluation and treatment at a hospital are recommended.

1. Localized Joint Pain: Inflammation of the tendon sheath causes irritation, leading to significantly intensified pain during joint movement. Discomfort progressively worsens after repetitive gripping or twisting motions, while rest provides partial relief from pain.

2. Swelling and Protrusion at the Affected Site: Inflammatory processes cause tissue hyperemia and edema, resulting in mild swelling at the lesion site. Local soft tissues thicken, and abnormal firm nodules may be palpable. Swelling becomes more pronounced following frequent activity, adversely affecting local appearance.

3. Crepitus During Joint Movement: Restricted gliding of the tendon within a narrowed tendon sheath produces audible or palpable crepitus during flexion and extension. Certain movements may also trigger sharp, intermittent pain. Recurrent crepitus indicates significant proliferative changes within the tendon sheath.

4. Restricted Flexion and Extension: Tendon sheath proliferation and narrowing impede normal tendon gliding, hindering complete joint flexion and extension. Tasks requiring grip strength become clumsy; as the condition progresses, the range of joint motion further diminishes.

5. Tenderness on Palpation: Applying pressure directly over the inflamed tendon sheath elicits distinct pain. The tender point is typically well-localized and aligns with the course of the involved tendon. Upon releasing pressure, some individuals experience transient soreness or a dull, achy sensation.

Individuals engaged in manual labor involving the hands should schedule regular rest intervals and minimize high-frequency, repetitive joint movements. After exposure to cold water, promptly apply local warmth. Control exertion intensity to reduce repeated frictional irritation of the tendon sheath and thereby decrease recurrence of symptoms.