What is the normal range for luteinizing hormone (LH)?

　　The normal range of luteinizing hormone (LH) varies by sex. In males, the typical reference range is 1.24–8.63 mU/mL; in females, it differs across menstrual cycle phases: during the follicular phase, the normal range is generally 2.12–10.89 mU/mL; during the ovulatory phase, it rises to 19.18–103.03 mU/mL; during the luteal phase, it declines to 1.20–12.86 mU/mL; and in postmenopausal women, the normal range is typically 10.87–58.64 mU/mL. Analysis follows:

　　1. Males

　　In males, the normal LH range remains relatively stable, generally falling between 1.24 and 8.63 mU/mL. Reference values may vary slightly among different hospitals or laboratories. This range applies to males after puberty and is used to assess gonadal function and reproductive health status.

　　2. Females

　　In females, the normal LH range fluctuates according to the phase of the menstrual cycle. During the follicular phase—the initial stage of the menstrual cycle—the normal LH range is typically 2.12–10.89 mU/mL. As follicles mature and estrogen levels rise, LH surges during the ovulatory phase, with a normal range of 19.18–103.03 mU/mL. This surge signals imminent ovulation and represents the optimal window for conception. Following ovulation, the ovaries enter the luteal phase, during which LH levels gradually decline, with a normal range of 1.20–12.86 mU/mL. With advancing age and progression into menopause, ovarian function declines progressively, leading to corresponding changes in LH levels; the normal range in postmenopausal women is generally 10.87–58.64 mU/mL.

　　Individual variation in LH levels exists even among individuals at the same physiological stage. Therefore, when interpreting LH test results, clinicians should integrate findings with the patient’s specific clinical context and individual circumstances for comprehensive evaluation.