Who is at higher risk of developing ovarian cancer?

Dec 14, 2021 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Lu

Introduction

In general, individuals with a family history of ovarian cancer, those who have never given birth or who give birth later in life, those who have used estrogen for extended periods, those with gynecological disorders, and those who are obese may be at increased risk for ovarian cancer. If you experience any discomfort, prompt medical evaluation is recommended. Moreover, having a family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or related cancers significantly increases the risk of ovarian cancer among relatives.

Generally, individuals with a family history of hereditary cancer, those who have never given birth or who give birth later in life, those who use estrogen long-term, those with gynecological disorders, and those who are obese may be at increased risk for ovarian cancer. If you experience any discomfort, consult a healthcare professional promptly.

1. Individuals with a family history of hereditary cancer

If a family member has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or other related cancers, the risk of ovarian cancer among relatives is significantly elevated. In particular, individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes face a substantially higher risk of developing ovarian cancer.

2. Women who have never given birth or who give birth later in life

Women who have never given birth have a relatively higher risk of ovarian cancer. Similarly, women who deliver their first child after age 35 also exhibit an increased risk. This may be attributable to repeated ovulation over many years, causing recurrent injury and repair of ovarian epithelial cells—thereby elevating the likelihood of genetic mutations.

3. Individuals using estrogen long-term

Long-term use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of ovarian cancer, particularly when used for extended durations. Additionally, prolonged, high-dose intake of dietary supplements containing estrogen may also elevate ovarian cancer risk.

4. Individuals with gynecological disorders

Women with endometriosis face an elevated risk of ovarian cancer due to recurrent hemorrhage and chronic inflammatory stimulation from endometrial implants, which alter the local ovarian microenvironment. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), chronically elevated androgen levels and resultant hormonal imbalances may lead to abnormal, repeated ovulation—further increasing ovarian cancer risk.

5. Individuals with obesity

Obesity is associated with increased risk of multiple cancers—including ovarian cancer. Adipose tissue in obese women produces various hormones and cytokines, such as estrogen and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which may promote ovarian cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth, thereby heightening ovarian cancer risk.

We recommend maintaining appropriate self-care: adopt a healthy lifestyle with regular sleep patterns and balanced nutrition. Emphasize light, non-irritating meals and avoid spicy or stimulating foods—for example, garlic, spicy hotpot, and mustard. Ensure adequate rest and avoid excessive physical or mental fatigue to safeguard overall health.

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