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What blood type is “panda blood”?

Jan 14, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Xu Min
Introduction
“Panda blood” refers to the Rh-negative blood type. In China, over 99% of the population has Rh-positive blood. Rh-negative blood is an extremely rare blood type, hence the nickname “panda blood.” Individuals with Rh-negative blood must receive and donate only Rh-negative blood. Importantly, pregnant women who are Rh-negative must undergo Rh blood typing during pregnancy.

Blood group systems are classifications based on the relationships among alloantigens or phenotypic antigens present on the surface of red blood cell membranes. Red blood cell antigenic determinants can elicit both alloimmune and xenogeneic immune responses. Human blood typing is typically performed using specific human antisera in agglutination tests. Each blood group system is inherited independently, with most genes controlling a given blood group system located on the same chromosome. Many people are unfamiliar with “panda blood.” So, what exactly is panda blood? The following section answers this question.


What Is Panda Blood?

“Panda blood” refers to the Rh-negative blood type. In China, over 99% of the population has Rh-positive blood. Rh-negative blood is extremely rare, hence its nickname “panda blood.” Individuals with panda blood must receive transfusions of the same Rh blood type—both when donating and receiving blood. The Rh blood group system is another critical blood group system besides the ABO system. “Rh” stands for the first two letters of “Rhesus,” the English name for the rhesus monkey. When human red blood cells express surface antigens identical to those found on rhesus monkey red blood cells, the individual is classified as Rh-positive.

Rh blood typing is equally important as ABO blood typing. Notably, pregnant women who are Rh-negative must undergo Rh blood group testing and be screened for the presence of immune anti-Rh antibodies to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), which may result from Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus.

Knowledge Extension: Pregnancy Considerations for Individuals with Panda Blood

Women with Rh-negative blood should pay special attention to early pregnancy care: avoiding vigorous physical activity and excessive manual labor, maintaining emotional stability, and taking proactive measures to prevent threatened miscarriage—particularly during the first 12 weeks, which represent the highest-risk period for spontaneous abortion. Any vaginal bleeding warrants immediate medical evaluation and treatment. Because Rh-negative blood is generally available only at central blood banks, affected individuals should seek care at large-scale hospitals—ideally tertiary or at least secondary Class-A hospitals. Similarly, delivery should also occur at a large hospital to ensure timely access to compatible blood in case of postpartum hemorrhage.

The above provides an overview of what “panda blood” is. We hope this information is helpful to you.

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