Causes of Heel Pain in Women

Feb 20, 2020 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Lin Yunfei

Introduction

Causes of Heel Pain in Women: 1. Calcaneal apophysitis—this condition is similar to Osgood-Schlatter disease (tibial tuberosity apophysitis). 2. Retrocalcaneal bursitis—characterized by localized swelling and tenderness. 3. Plantar fasciitis—results from chronic trauma and overuse. 4. Achilles tendinitis—occurs when there is a sudden increase in exercise intensity or frequency, leading to excessive stress on the Achilles tendon.

The heel—commonly but incorrectly referred to as the “ankle”—is, anatomically speaking, the region where the human foot connects to the leg. It comprises seven tarsal bones, along with the metatarsal bones of the foot and the bones of the lower leg. Given the complexity and number of bones involved in the heel, numerous conditions can cause heel pain. So, what are the specific causes of heel pain in women? Below, we provide an explanation.

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Causes of Heel Pain in Women

1. Calcaneal Apophysitis (Sever’s Disease)

Calcaneal apophysitis causes heel pain and predominantly affects adolescents. Its pathology resembles that of Osgood-Schlatter disease (tibial tuberosity apophysitis). During skeletal development, repetitive traction on the unfused growth plate by the Achilles tendon leads to inflammation and pain localized just below the Achilles tendon insertion. Symptoms may occur bilaterally. Running and toe-standing exacerbate discomfort, which typically resolves spontaneously once epiphyseal fusion is complete.

2. Retrocalcaneal Bursitis

Retrocalcaneal bursitis causes heel pain due to inflammation of the bursa situated between the Achilles tendon and the overlying skin. This bursa may become thickened, fill with excess synovial fluid, and present with localized swelling and tenderness. Trauma or repetitive friction may also precipitate heel pain.

3. Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It results from chronic microtrauma and overuse, leading to degenerative changes and partial tearing of the plantar fascia, followed by attempted repair. A bony spur (calcaneal spur) may develop at the medial aspect of the calcaneal tuberosity where the fascia inserts.

4. Achilles Tendinitis

Achilles tendinitis causes heel pain when individuals abruptly increase the intensity or frequency of physical activity, thereby overloading the Achilles tendon. If left untreated, persistent inflammation may progress to chronic pain and even tendon rupture.

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The above outlines the primary causes of heel pain in women. Plantar fasciitis—resulting from chronic trauma and overuse—is the most frequent etiology. Other contributing conditions include Achilles tendinitis, calcaneal apophysitis, and retrocalcaneal bursitis.

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Causes of Heel Pain in Women

The fundamental cause of heel pain is aseptic inflammation. First, consider whether your footwear fits properly—ill-fitting shoes can lead to retrocalcaneal bursitis. A common condition is plantar fasciitis, which results from chronic, minor trauma and causes pain on one or both sides of the heel; the area is typically neither red nor swollen, yet walking becomes difficult. Lastly, excessive fatigue can also cause heel pain, as overuse of the feet readily leads to discomfort in the heel region.