What are the sequelae of rickets?

Rickets predominantly occurs during childhood. If left untreated, it may lead to varying degrees of sequelae. What, then, are the sequelae of rickets?

What Are the Sequelae of Rickets?

Sequelae are commonly observed in children over two years of age. Severe vitamin D–deficiency rickets may result in residual skeletal deformities of varying severity. Common manifestations include pigeon chest (pectus carinatum), funnel chest (pectus excavatum), flared ribs, genu varum (bowlegs), and genu valgum (knock-knees). In particularly severe cases, spinal, pelvic, and lower-limb deformities may occur, leading to reduced adult height, delayed achievement of developmental motor milestones (e.g., sitting, standing, and walking), and abnormal gait patterns.

If thoracic deformity is present, chest-expansion exercises may help improve thoracic mobility and expand the rib cage. For lower-limb deformities, muscle massage may be beneficial: for genu varum (bowlegs), massage the lateral muscle groups and perform abduction and external rotation exercises after massaging both knee joints; for genu valgum (knock-knees), massage the medial muscle groups and perform internal rotation exercises after massaging both ankle joints. Both genu varum and genu valgum are frequently associated with pes varus (in-toeing) or pes valgus (out-toeing); orthopedic footwear may be prescribed for correction, with close clinical monitoring. Skeletal changes may also exert psychological pressure on affected children—due to impaired physical development resulting from sequelae, children may develop low self-esteem and become timid or withdrawn. Additionally, functional limitations may arise, such as abnormal gait and visibly deformed bones.

If rickets is suspected, prompt medical evaluation and treatment at a hospital are essential. Early detection and early intervention significantly improve outcomes. We hope this information has been helpful to you.