What are the common causes of thrombosis?

The three primary factors contributing to thrombosis are vascular wall injury, slowed blood flow, and a hypercoagulable state. Dysfunction in any one of these three components can lead to thrombus formation. Clinically, the most common types of thrombosis are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities and pulmonary embolism (PE); together, these are collectively referred to as venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Vascular wall injury frequently occurs in patients with a history of venous puncture, central venous catheterization, or surgical trauma to vessels—all of which predispose to thrombosis. A hypercoagulable state may result from coagulation factor disorders, hemophilia, inherited or acquired thrombophilia, or coagulation factor deficiencies, all of which increase the risk of early postoperative thrombosis. Additional contributing factors include alterations in blood flow dynamics—such as prolonged immobilization, malignancy, major surgery, severe intraoperative blood loss, or significant postoperative fluid loss—which can collectively impair venous return and slow blood flow, thereby promoting thrombus formation. We hope this information is helpful. Wishing you good health!