How is cavernous sinus thrombosis treated?

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a rare but serious condition primarily caused by bacterial infections, commonly resulting from facial infections spreading intracranially to the cavernous sinus. The cavernous sinus, located at the base of the skull, is an important venous structure connecting blood vessels of the brain and the orbit. Therefore, cavernous sinus thrombosis can lead to severe consequences such as vision loss and increased intracranial pressure. Generally, treatment methods can be divided into the following categories:

1. General treatment: Bed rest and avoidance of strenuous activity. For patients experiencing difficulty breathing, high-concentration oxygen or nasal cannula oxygen therapy may be provided.

2. Antibiotic therapy: Cavernous sinus thrombosis is often caused by bacterial infection. Early administration of adequate doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics is effective in controlling the infection source and preventing further progression of the condition.

3. Anticoagulant therapy: Oral anticoagulant medications such as warfarin and rivaroxaban help prevent thrombus expansion and the formation of new clots, and are suitable for non-infectious cavernous sinus thrombosis.

4. Neurotrophic agents: Such as mecobalamin capsules, which aid in the recovery of impaired nerve function.

5. Surgical treatment: Intracranial decompression surgery reduces pressure within the cranial cavity through craniotomy and is suitable for patients with significant intracranial hypertension. Endoscopic sinus surgery addresses secondary cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, and similar conditions.

During treatment, close monitoring of the patient's condition and regular follow-up evaluations are necessary.