What Causes Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis?

Aphthous ulcers are the most common type of oral mucosal disease. The exact etiology of oral ulcers remains unclear; therefore, management primarily focuses on local symptomatic treatment, improvement of systemic symptoms, and supportive therapy. Systemic therapy is mainly selected based on the patient’s immune status: for immunosuppression, immunostimulants such as disodium glycyrrhizinate (Dixi) may be used. Thalidomide may be considered in cases of immune hyperactivity or immune dysfunction; however, its use requires caution due to potential adverse effects—including teratogenicity. In daily life, patients should avoid spicy and irritating foods and ensure adequate intake of vitamins and trace elements.