What causes recurrent oral ulcers?

Recurrent oral ulcers may be caused by a combination of various factors, commonly including nutritional deficiencies, abnormal immune function, and local irritation. Nutritional deficiencies mainly refer to insufficient levels of B vitamins, vitamin C, and trace elements such as iron and zinc, which play a role in the repair and health of oral mucosa. Long-term imbalanced diets or malabsorption can lead to recurrent ulcers. Abnormal immune function is another significant cause; for example, oral mucosa may be prone to damage in conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus or other immune-related diseases. In addition, local irritations, such as sharp tooth edges, poor dental restorations, or biting injuries, may also lead to frequent ulcers.

For recurrent oral ulcers, it is recommended to adjust the diet by consuming more foods rich in vitamins and minerals, such as leafy vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean meats. Avoid spicy, excessively hot, or coarse foods that may irritate the mouth, and maintain good oral hygiene practices. If ulcers persist for a long time or recur frequently, timely medical evaluation is advised to rule out possible systemic diseases such as anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, or immune system dysfunction. After identifying the underlying cause through comprehensive examinations, targeted treatment and management under a physician's guidance can help reduce ulcer recurrence and improve quality of life.